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t e e h S m e e h S 3 L m 0 SD m E0 GR D N .A SE a d 0 M O W Patented July 1, 1890.

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S. INGERSOLL HAND 1100111131141.

No. 431,144. Patented July 1, 1890.

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S. INGERSOLL HAND ROCK DRILL.

No. 431,144. Patented July 1, 1890.

l W E a T Ilfllllllllllflllllllllll lllllllflllllnlll lllillll l/V/f75555 [/7 VE/770fl UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SIMON INGERSOLL, OF GLENBROOK, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR OF llVO- THIRDS TO EDl/VARD T. BROMFIELD, OF SAME PLACE.

HAND ROCK-DRILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 431,144, dated July 1, 1890.

Application filed July 1, 1889- Serial No. 316,162. (No model.)

T0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SIMON INGERSOLL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Glenbrook, in the county of Fairfield and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hand Rock-Drills; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention has for its general object to simplify and improve the construction of this class of rock-drills, the special object being to do away with friction on the drill-bar, to avoid friction in the feed movement, and to so apply springpower to the d rill-bar that the pressure shall be increased rather than diminished as the bar descends. In other words, instead of starting the drill-bar and drill downward under heavy pressure and then having the pressure relieved as the drill strikes the rock, I provide that the downward movement of the drill-bar and drill shall begin under a moderate pressure, which shall constantly increase as the bar and drill move downward, so that the pressure is greatest at the instant that the blow is struck. I am thus enabled to strike as heavy a blow as the drill will stand; to greatly improve the operation of the drill and increase its results, and, furthermore, to avoid the ne cessity of weighting the legs or frame-work to cause the drill to stand firmly on the rock.

Vith these ends in view I have devised the simple and novel construction of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, numbers being used to denote the several parts.

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the drill complete; Fig. 2, a section on the line a: a in Fig. 1; Fig. 2, a detail view showing in full lines the position of the drill-bar, spring, 850., at the instant the downward movement c0mmences, and in dotted lines the position of said parts at the instant the blow is struck, the dotted position corresponding with that shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 3, arear elevation; Fig. l, a detail sectional view on the line y y in Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a detail sectional view on the line 2 z in Fig. 1, said view illustrating the drill-turning and the feeding mechanism; and Fig. 6 is a detail view of the operating-lmer detached.

1 denotes the framework, which may be of any suitable or preferred construction, and which is supported by legs 2, pivoted thereto.

3 denotes a carrier, which slides upon the frame-work and carries all of the operative parts of the machine.

i denotes the drill-bar, which is provided with a longitudinal groove 5 and with collars U, the functions of which will presently be explained.

7 denotes the drill, which is attached to the drill-bar in the usual or any preferred manner.

8 denotes arms, which project forward from the carriage; 9, a shaft journaled in said arms; and 10, balance-wheels at the ends of said shaft, one or both of which are provided with crank-handles 1l,by which power is applied to the machine.

The drill-bar is suitably journaled in boxes 12 upon the carriage, and is actuated by means of an operatinglever 13, the inner end of which is provided with inwardly-turned arms 14, which engage between collars (i on the drill-bar, and by which the latter is raised and lowered, as will be more fully explained. At the outer end of lever 13 is a cross-piece 15, which is journaled between the outer ends of arms 8 by means of pointed screws 16, which pass through said arms and engage the ends of the cross-piece, as is clearly shown in Fig. 1. The shaft is provided with a belt-pulley l7 and with a rigid cross-arm 18, preferably provided at its ends with rollers 19, said rollers being in line with each other on opposite sides of the shaft and equidistant from the center of the shaft. 20 is an arm, which projects outward from cross-piece 15, being preferably ad justably secured thereto by means of a set-screw or in any suitable manner.

21 denotes a strong spring, the end of which is attached to the end of arm 20, the inner end of said spring being attached to the short arm 22" of the.bell-crank lever 22. This lever is pivoted to any convenient portion of the carriage, and its lonarm 22 extends on tward and is provided with a pin 23, which is adapted to engage any one of a series of teeth 24 in a rack 25, which is journaled in any ICO suitable manner so as to turn freely. In the present instance (see Fig. 1) I have shown one of the pointed screws 16 as passingt-hrough the base of the rack before engaging the end of the cross-piece. This construction gives a thoroughly practical adjustment to the spring.

The operation of this portion of my invention is as follows: As seen in Figs. 2' and 2, the shaft, balance-wheel, cross-arm, &c., are rotated from left to right. Each end of the cross-arm as it moves upward engages the under side of lever 13 and raises said lever and with it the drill-bar against the power of spring 21, the position of said parts while the drill-bar is at the raised position being clearly shown in Fig. 2. It will be seen that as lever 13 is raised arm 20 will be moved outward, so that while the tension of the spring will be greatly increased the line of tension will be moved downward, so as to he at half the distance, more or less, from the pivotal point of said arm to the line of tension at-the instant the blow isstruck, all of which is clearly illustrated in Fig. 2. While the spring has decreased slightly in length at the end of the stroke, it has about doubled its leverage upon the shaft 10 by reason of the changed position of arm 20, which now lies at substantially right angles to the spring, so that the decreased tension of the spring is more than compensated for. It will be seen, therefore, that While the tension of the spring has a perceptible effect upon the drillbar at the instant the downward movement commences the power exerted thereb will continue to increase until the instan the blow is struck. This is a reversal of the principles of every rock-drill, so far as I am aware, that has heretofore been placed upon I ment of the drill-bar.

the market. It will-be seen in Fig. 2 that as the end of the cross-arm moves upward lever 13 will be raised until the end of said crossarmin the present instance a rollershall have passed the abrupt shoulder 26 on the under side of said lever, the lever being curved upward beyond said shoulder, so as to leave the lever, drill-bar, drill, &c., free to descend without obstruction until the blow of the drill is delivered. Almost instantlv afterward lever 13 is raised again by the other end of the cross-arm, two blows of the drill being caused to be delivered by each revolution of the shaft. Should it be desired to lessen the force of the blow of the drill, pin 23 upon the long arm of the bell-crank lever is engaged with a higher tooth in rack 25. Should it be desired to increase the force of the blow, the long arm of said lever is pressed downward and pin 23 is engaged with a tooth farther down the rack. It will be seen that this movement will swing the short arm of the bell-crank lever toward the left, as seen in Fig. 2, thereby increasing the tension of the spring. It is found in practice that the drill will operate and do good work without any spring to assist in the downward move- As it is desirable to with by a spring 44:.

increase the force of the blows in order to make the drill cut faster, I ordinarily use a spring. It will of course be understood that various styles and arrangements of springs may be used to accomplish this purpose. I preferably, however, so adjust the spring as to force the drill-bar downward with accel erated velocity, and have illustrated a style of spring thatI have found to accomplish the purpose admirably.

The drill-bar is given a partial rotation, ordinarily one-eighth turn, during each upward movement, in the manner which I will now describe.

27 is a shaft journaled in cars 28, projecting forward from the carriage. This shaft is provided with a worm 29 and abelt-pulley 30.

31 is a crossed belt extending over beltpulleys 17 and 30, by which reverse motion is communicated to shaft 27 from shaft 9.

32 is a gear having inclined teeth for engagement with the worm. The drill-bar passes through this gear, which is provided with a spline 23, engaging the longitudinal groove 5 in the drill-bar. -This gear is supported in position upon the carriage in any suitable manner. In the present instance I have shown it as supported by a block 34,

said block being provided with a recess to receive the gear and being firmly secured to the carriage by screws or bolts 35. It will be seen that the drill-bar is thus left free to move Verticallyindependently of the gear and that the rotary movement of the gear is imparted to the drill-bar by the spline. The drill-bar may be given greater or less rotation at each upward movement by increasing or decreasing the size of the belt-pulleys relatively to each other.

The feed may be by hand, although I preferably use an automatic feed, which I will now describe.

36 is a ratchet, having a central opening screw-threaded to receive the feed-screw 37. This ratchet is held in position by a plate 38, which is secured to or made integral with the carriage. 'lhefeed-screw engages the ratchet and fits in a hearing or bearings in the carriage 3, but without engaging the latter with its screw-thread. At the upper end of the feed-screw is a crank-handle 39, for convenience in operation. When the au tomatic feed is in use, the feed-screw is locked in position by means of a pin 40, engaging the top of the frame-work against which the crank-handle rests.

' 4.1 denotes the feed-lever, which is pivoted to a stud 42, projecting backward from the frame-work. At the upper end of this lever is a pawl 43, the inner end of which engages the feed-ratchet, being held in contact there- (See dotted lines in Fig. 4E.) The lower end of this lever is branched, as shown in Fig. 2, one branch (denoted by 41) extending inward in position to be engaged and pressed downward by one of the arms 14: of lever 13 at each downward movement of said lever. The other branch of the feed-lever (denoted by ll") extends downward and is provided with a set-screw -15, the inner end of which engages the framework each time the lever is oscillated and acts to limit and adjust the oscillation thereof.

46 is a spring, one end of which is secured to any suitable portion of the carriage, the free end thereof bearing against the feed-levcr and acting to throw its upper end outward, which moves pawl 43 to its retracted position, and to throw branch 41 inward in position to be engaged by one of the arms 14: of lever 13 when the downward movement of said lever takes place. This movement of the lever acts to throw the lower end of the feedlcver outward, consequently throwing the upper end inward against the power of spring 16, moving pawl 43 forward and carrying ratchet 36 forward one or more teeth, accordin g to the rapidity with which the drill penetrates the rock, it being understood, of course, that penetration depends upon the hardness of the rock, the action of the feed being purely automatic. It will be readily understood that as the feed-screw is rigidly held in position and that the ratchet is threaded to engage the said screw forward movement of the ratchet, as seen in Fig. 3, must necessarily move the carriage downward.

IVhen it is desired to feed the drill by hand, the feed-lever is removed from the machine and the carriage fed downward by turning crank-handle 39. The carriage, drill-bar, and drill are in practice raised by turning said handle backward,no matter whether the feed is performed automatically or by hand. The pressure of pawl 43 upon the feed-ratchet is suiiicient to hold the latter in position when the carriage is raised or lowered by turning the feed-screw.

It will of course be understood that my invention is not limited to the exact details of construction which I have shown, as they may obviously be varied within reasonable limits without departing from the principles of my invention.

The mechanism hereinbefore described,

through the medium of which the spring acts upon the drill-holder and whereby the effective action of the spring is increased to partly or wholly make up the loss of power resulting from the shortening of and decrease of tension in the spring, I may term a compensating mechanism, which, in the construction illustrated, comprises the rock-shaft, the lever by which the oscillation of said shaft is transmuted into a reciprocation of the drill-holder, and the second arm or lever by and through which the pull of the spring is caused to act upon the rock-shaft. The practical effect of such compensating mechanism is to give an augmented acceleration to the velocity and increased power to the stroke of the holder and drill.

I claim-- 1. In a rock-drill, the combination,with the drill-holder, means for retracting the same,

and an actuating-spring connected with the holder for driving the same, of a compensating lever mechanism whereby a decreased tension of the spring is partly or wholly compensated for by a more effective application of the ver, a spring the ends of which are connected,

respectively, to one arm of the bell-crank lever and to arm 20, and means, as a rack engaging the other arm of the bell-cranklever, whereby the spring may be adjusted to increase or diminish the power exerted upon the drill-bar. I

3. The combination, with the sliding carriage having arms extending therefrom, the drill-bar, the shaft journaled in said arms and having a cross-arm, and a lever 13, having a cross-piece journaled at the outer ends of said arms, of an arm 20, rigidly secured to said cross-piece, a rack 25, a bell-crank lever having a pin on one arm adapted to engage said rack, and a spring the ends of which are connected, respectively, to the other arm of the bell-crank lever and to arm 20, whereby the power of said spring upon the drill-bar is increased as the drill-bar descends.

4. The sliding carriage, the drill-bar, shaft 9, having cross-arm 18, and lever 13, connected to the drill-bar, said drill-bar, lever, and shaft being journaled in the carriage, in combination with an arm rigidly secured to the outer end of lever 13, and a spring one end of which is connected to said arm, whereby when the drill-bar is raised said arm is swung outward, which increases the tension of the spring, but carries the line of tension downward toward the pivotal point of said lever, so that the power exerted upon the drill-bar is increased as the arm swings inward and the drill-bar moves downward.

5. The combination, with the frame-work, the carriage having ratchet 30, the feed-screw threaded to engage the ratchet, and a feedlever carrying a pawl, of a drill-bar having a longitudinal groove, gear 32, supported in the carriage and having a spline engaging said groove, lever 13, which actuates the drill-bar and the feedlever, shaft 9, having a crossarm which actuates lever 13, a shaft 27, having a worm-engaging gear 32, and a belt connecting said shafts.

6. In a rock-drill, a sliding carriage carrying a drill-bar and a ratchet 30, in combination with a feed-screw threaded to engage the ratchet, a feed-lever having a pawl engaging said ratchet, and a pin 40, whereby the feedscrew is held against rotation so that movement of the ratchet will feed the carriage downward.

7. In a rock-drill, the combination,with the drill-holder and a lever and rock-shaft c011- nected therewith, whereby said holder is act-uated, of a spring connected With said lever operz'iting'to force the holder forward and carried by the forward movement of the lever away from the center of said rock shaft, whereby the operative leverage of the sprin is increased during the stroke of the drill, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in 10 \Vitnesses:

J OHN E. KEELER, MICHAEL KENEALY. 

